Summary of PhD Thesis: Groundwater Recharge Mangement in Saurashtra: Learnings for Water Governance Download Summary Groundwater Recharge Management in Saurashtra, India: Learnings for Water Governance Introduction Gujarat is one of the most water scarce and drought-prone regions in India (IRMA, ) Jul 31, · This prize will be awarded to a PhD student who is about to graduate or participate in the graduation thesis. The applications will be assessed by an Evaluation Committee consisting of senior scholars from the Water Editorial Board. Selection Criteria: Quality of Phd Thesis On Water We specialize in writing dynamic and engaging personal statements and application essays. Our academic essay writers are experts at original compositions, creative writing, and literary analysis. Really appreciate you! I completely forgot I had this assignment, such a life saver!
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Download PDF Download Full PDF Package This paper. A short summary of this paper. Summary Groundwater Recharge Management in Saurashtra, India: Learnings for Water Governance Introduction Gujarat is one of the most water scarce and drought-prone regions in India IRMA, With many rivers in the State reduced to seasonal flows, and with surface water bodies drying up, the competition between various uses and users for the common groundwater resource was increasing.
Being the most affected, the farmer community was a worried lot. Interestingly, the response of the government and the civil society to the recurrent water scarcity situation had been different.
During mid-eighties, some farmers from Dhoraji-Upleta and a few other villages in Rajkot district of Saurashtra region of Gujarat State discovered an opportunity to improve their well water supplies by diverting rainwater into the wells, phd thesis on water. The water harvesting activity expanded geographically with scores of villages joining year after year thanks to the disaggregated, selfless leadership that emerged, and continued for more than two decades now, converting the activity into a social movement around water.
The movement is aptly remarked self-propagating and self-energising Shah, since there has been no overarching leadership either in the form of an individual or an institution at least for the Saurashtra region, phd thesis on water.
Although it is two decades since the dug well recharge efforts began in mid-eightiesthere has been no systematic, intensive phd thesis on water done to inquire into the impact of these efforts either on livelihoods or on the social and technical aspects of the approach. The variety of innovations carried out by the farming households, promoted by local leaders and non-governmental agencies have not been studied at reasonable scale for their technical veracity phd thesis on water for suggesting improvements.
There have been, however, phd thesis on water, some quick, limited studies, that examined some of these innovations, and a few anecdotal studies; back-of-the-envelope computations were made by some to arrive at the quantity of water harvested simply by estimating the number of wells covered and a certain quantum of water recharged per well, or per water harvesting activity.
These studies were mostly by non-governmental research agencies, and were largely based upon the information and data provided by the local leaders, farmers and other local agencies. Notably, there have been no such studies by government agencies. Further, there have also been no systematic, longitudinal studies essential to scrutinise the evolving techniques and technology of well recharging or the science of it in terms of hydrogeology, for instance. When the above scenario is examined from the point of view of water governance, there appears to be disturbing disconnect not only between constituent actors but also between actions on the ground and actions in the policy domain.
Noteworthy is the weak link of the government departments with the dynamic village communities and the non- governmental agencies that have made the social movement happen. What lessons can be drawn for water governance? Objectives The objectives of the study are: Identify the gaps in understanding by focussing on the recharging efforts, the technology hydrogeology, economicsresource sustainability institutions, scaling and governancesocial aspects collectives, phd thesis on water, user groupsand socio- economic impacts lifestyles through livelihood changes crop yield changes, livestock.
The study considers the recharge activity in the background of adaptation efforts of communities in the study villages. The socio economic impacts are traced at the household level as well as the village level. The survey provided an indication of the range of local innovations attempted by people phd thesis on water local leadership.
However, in most places, check dams have become the most preferred mode of ground water recharge while the initial direct dug well recharging of late eighties was abandoned somewhere down the time line.
The survey also indicated that the farmers were benefiting from the recharge activity in terms of agriculture and animal husbandry, the two most prominent livelihood occupations in the region. The on-going watershed programmes that were launched by Government of India in mid-nineties have helped to link up with government funding. The basic difference between the recharge activity and the watershed programme was that every village now had opportunity to be covered in toto aimed at benefitting all the participating families.
The watershed programme also has institutional support in the form of implementing support agency ISA. Three study sites were chosen comprising six villages including hamlets across three talukas: Ambaredi in Jamkandorna taluka, Vithalpar and Jalsikka in Wankaner taluka, and Haripar-Kerala and Bella in Morbi taluka-all in Rajkot district located in Saurashtra region of Gujarat state in western India. These are the villages and talukas which have had long association with the local leaders such as Premjibhai Patel, Jayanthibhai Raval and Oddhavji Raghavji Patel respectively.
Some of these villages have participated in the earliest pioneering experiments along with the local leader. Over a period, the leaders realised the need for institutionalising their efforts and hence have formed and registered NGOs, namely Vruksh Prem Seva Trust VPSTSarvodaya Seva Sangh SSS and ORPAT Trust respectively.
These organizations as well as their leaders have diverse backgrounds, work culture and ideology. The selection of study villages was guided by criteria that included village composition, type and nature of the organizations and the variation in the hydrogeology. The phd thesis on water rock type in the study villages is basalt. The villages chosen had a mix of patels, kolis, Brahmins, phd thesis on water, rajputs, rabaris, harijans and STs, the composition varying from village to village, phd thesis on water.
Like in Saurashtra region itself, in most of the study villages, patels formed a majority. The common factor across all these villages is that they have taken up water harvesting activities as a major activity. The survey was carried out during The sample households were selected based on proportionate stratification done with a view to understand the equity and sustainability aspects of distribution of benefits from the water harvesting structures in particular and the recharge movement in general.
It may be mentioned that all the sampled households are engaged in agriculture and or animal husbandry; therefore the sample households have a direct concern with groundwater recharge. When animal husbandry is the primary occupation for certain households, the fodder security from within the village becomes important as it impacts their livelihood.
Further, an in-depth study of select villages was carried out to develop insights into the critical elements of the various facets of the movement. The research study would provide an opportunity to understand the approach of the NGOs, and how they have deployed technology, resources and the institutional form to achieve the targets set by themselves initially, and later as part phd thesis on water the national watershed programme.
The village survey provides the changing socio- economic conditions that represent not just livelihood economics but also the human growth and prosperity.
Analysis and Study Findings The thesis looked at the resource adaptation strategy by the study villages with particular reference to water.
The farmers adopted a socio technical approach to not only enhance groundwater availability but also adapt to the limitations of hydrogeology, phd thesis on water, with or without an explicit understanding of the complexities of the hydraulics of groundwater.
Mollinga has described the conceptual framework of a socio technical phenomenon while tracing its emergence to Uphoff and Huppert He states that a comprehensive understanding that integrates technical and social science perspectives underlies the basic assumption that irrigation is inherently a socio-technical phenomenon. He further argues that social shaping or social construction approach to irrigation technology investigates the social dimensions of irrigation artefacts1.
The social dimension comprises three aspects, namely, social requirements for use, social construction and social effects or benefits. Put differently, social requirements are defined as enabling conditions essential for irrigation phd thesis on water to operate. The thesis extends the socio technical approach to groundwater which can be described as follows: Groundwater problems are socially constructed, and so are the solutions.
Groundwater is thus not just a technical resource but also a social resource. Therefore, an approach that combines both social and technical approaches is most appropriate. The social action also integrates innovations-all by people in this case-in technologies such as recharge techniques, type and composition of pumpsets driven by diesel and electricity to suit local conditions, well structuration in terms of depth, radial horizontal bores and depth limitations, and cropping decisions described herein.
The thesis describes how irrigation and irrigation technology have shaped the agrarian livelihood decisions as a function of social benefits related with agriculture and livestock, how the communities have coped in the absence of any formal support from official technical agencies, and how the local leaders have tried to fill in this gap by their innovations and experimentation. The leaders have also made beneficial use of the cultural aspects. In the analysis, the study has examined the changes in the income per household from agriculture, livestock and phd thesis on water sources for the year under study compared with previous year till The reasons for the change in income were studied from the point of view of agricultural adaptation by the farmer families that included analyzing landuse change, crops and cropping decisions, changes in cropping intensity, changes in the type and composition of the irrigation technology, pumping hours etc.
Improvements in agriculture also lead to improvements in fodder situation, and hence income from livestock, in particular, milk income.
Further, the study also examined the adaptation strategies as a function of the quantum of groundwater recharge and groundwater availability. The study also analyzes the influence of assured electricity availability for a certain number of 8 hours per day for agriculture, phd thesis on water, and the quick adaptation by farmers in the form of adding electricity driven pumpsets to the existing diesel pumpsets, and also phasing out diesel where possible, phd thesis on water.
The direct evidence in terms of increase in the number of pumping hours, installing pipeline networks in place of flood irrigation etc. is also examined through field data, phd thesis on water. As part of adaptation, the decision making by farmers is also examined in detail on all the above aspects, phd thesis on water.
Finally, the relationship between 2 Hereinafter, my use of the term adaptive approach would subsume socio technical approach applied to groundwater. Other sources here include income from agriculture and non-agriculture labor, kirana business, phd thesis on water, bicycle repair, carpentry, pottery, etc. People from Haripar, Kerala and Bella are engaged mostly in kharif and partly rabi agriculture. Summer agriculture occupation is almost nil.
This forces them to seek additional work, phd thesis on water. An important tertiary source of income comprises wages from diamond cutting and polishing units established in and around Morbi. With increased availability of water in the study villages, there was more focus on increasing agriculture including livestock management income.
Table 1: Change in phd thesis on water during and in study villages Total income Total income Village Change Change A B C B-C Rs. This shows that the income increase is majorly agricultural income, including from livestock. However, phd thesis on water, the variation in terms of quantum of change is due to the differential ability of the farmers in terms of investing capacity, inter alia.
What factors contribute to this variation in agriculture and livestock income across study villages? The watershed activity has been common phd thesis on water all the villages.
The size and the pattern of spending across various components of watershed activities have been uniform. Given this context, phd thesis on water, it is important to inquire into factors that contributed to the differences in agriculture and livestock income between the villages, phd thesis on water.
In the case of the study villages, the determining factor has been the variation in the adaptive strategies by the people connected with phd thesis on water primary agriculture and livestock occupations. The adaptive strategies concerned mostly with decisions related to crops, crop types, phd thesis on water, wells, WEM, pipelines and pumping pattern.
It is also important to note that hydrogeology was another determining factor. Decisions regarding well deepening or new wells, horizontal bores at well bottom to enhance effective well yield, types of pump sets to add or replace are other technological decisions farmers took based on their own understanding of the hydrogeology and water availability. There was an enabling environment created for disaggregated local leadership to emerge; the local leadership has actually utilized the deep social and technical foundations of the water-centric movement to expand the menu of water harvesting activities.
They have also phd thesis on water the opportunity of the government of India-sponsored watershed programme by making it more biased towards water harvesting activities.
Cropping Intensity The average cropping intensity for all the six villages has increased by The key findings of analysis can be summarized as follows: [i] There has been a definite positive increase in the land under irrigation in all the villages. This phd thesis on water seen across all the villages except Jalsikka where the unirrigated land has reduced due to conversion into irrigated land. In case of Vithalpar, the change from unirrigated to irrigated land w.
WPI PhD Dissertation Defense: Ms. Bengi Aygun - 26 July 2016
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Phd Thesis On Water, how to resubmit stetson essay, essay argument order, parts of an abstract in a research pap May 12, · we hereby recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by ryan oliver bailey banning entitled analysis of the groundwater/surface water interactions in the arikaree river basin of eastern colorado, be accepted as fulfilling in part the requirements for the degree of master of science. committee on graduate work kurt d. fauschAuthor: rbanning Jul 19, · Offer to publish a free paper in Water before the end of Eligibility. The candidate must be a PhD student who is going to graduate or participate in graduation thesis defenses. The PhD thesis must be original work. The PhD thesis must be defended between January 1, and October 31, Selection Criteria. Quality of resume and
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